1. Environmental Impact Assessments.
2. Environmental Audits.
3. Guidance on Cleaner Technologies.
4. Industrial Pollution Control through Treatment.
5. ISO 14001 EMS implementation services.
6. Risk Assessments.
7. Solid & Hazardous Waste Management.
8. Baseline Environmental Studies.
9. Guidance on Environmental Legislation including Compliance with NEQS & Self Monitoring & Reporting, Pollution Charge.
10. Environmental Trainings.
11. Environmental Sampling / Analysis / Characterization.
12. Site Assessment & Remediation.
13. Environmental & Industrial Hygiene, Monitoring & Control.
14. OHSAS 18001 implementation services.

1. Environmental Impact Assessment

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997 defines Initial Environmental Examination As
"A preliminary environmental review of the reasonably foreseeable qualitative and quantitative impacts on the environment of a proposed project to determine whether it is likely to cause an adverse environmental effect for requiring preparation of an environmental impact assessment.
Whereas the Environmental Impact Assessment is defined as
"An Environmental study comprising collection of data, prediction of qualitative and quantitative impacts, comparison of alternatives, evaluation of preventive, mitigatory and compensatory measures, formulation of environmental management and training plans and monitoring arrangements, and framing of recommendations and such other components as may be prescribed. The Environmental Impacts Assessment has been made mandatory under section 12 of the Pakistan Environmental protection Act, 97 which requires all the development projects (likely to cause adverse environmental impacts) to be preceded by submission of an EIA/IEE to Environmental Protection Agency to get environmental clearance/ approval.

This is applicable to both public and private sector projects.

The EMC has carried out a number of Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Impact Assessments for project varying in magnitude as well as nature and has thorough command and knowledge in the

• Screening of impacts and techniques for determining then
• Consideration of alternatives and other issues while preparing IEE/EIA reports
• Development of checklists
• Treatment of projects in sensitive and critical areas
• Consideration of aspects as site selection, environmental mitigation, monitoring and management plans.

The EMC also has off-hand knowledge of guidelines related to EIA e.g.

• Guidelines for public participation in EIA.
• Sector specific guidelines e.g textiles, off-shore seismic surveys etc.

2. Environmental Audits

We at the Environmental Management Consultants conduct Environmental Audits/Assessments and guide the industries on how to Self-Monitor their performance and how to fulfill the requirements of the local as well as international laws and standards. For any industry, which embarks upon any effort towards environmental protection it is very important for them to know from where to begin their improvement. For this the tool in hand is the environmental Audit/Assessment which is essentially the same as any other type of traditional auditing in terms of process.

Specifically Environmental Auditing is aimed at:

• Finding out whether operations comply with applicable environmental laws.
• Finding out if environmental damage is being done.
• Examining operations in depth.
• Anticipating and preventing problems.
• Exploring opportunities
• Exploring new markets while maintaining existing ones.

Having a thorough knowledge and expertise on environmental auditing techniques our team is fully capable to carry out Environmental audits which may be.

1. A Compliance Audit verification that an organization is meeting all of the legislative and regulatory requirements that govern its operations.
2. A Site Impact Audit check of whether on-going operations at a facility have caused or are causing environmental damage.
3. A Materials Audit concentrates on how well raw materials and energy are being used. A Waste Audit is a particular type of materials audit.
4. A Management Systems Audit entails comprehensive review of the efficiency, effectiveness and regard for economy that an organization is achieving.
   The EMC audit team has carried out a handsome number of environmental audits for different industries which vary widely in their nature, operations, technology etc., thereby sharpening their skills in the area of Environmental Audits.

3. Guidance on Cleaner Technologies

In Pakistan, the Environmental Protection Act is in force and the National Environmental Quality Standards have also been notified. The Industries now have two approaches to comply with the standards, one is the traditional "end of the pipe" approach which means treatment once the pollution has occurred (in any form) and the other way is to have cleaner production and avoid the generation of pollution at source. The control of Environmental pollution is important, since contamination of our environment can be dangerous to human health and increase the risk of mortality from environmental causes. The Environmental Management Consultants being major expertise in ISO 14001 EMS whose gist is pollution prevention, advocates the use of cleaner technologies to all its clients with whom it works.

The EMC's approach to the introduction of Cleaner Technologies substitutes Assessment (CTSA) which is intended to develop and compile the information needed to systematically compare the trade-offs associated with traditional and alternative products, processes and technologies.

More specifically, these trade-offs includes the cost, performance and environmental concerns (such as risk and environmental releases) associated with a product or technology. The whole procedure follows through.

1. Identification of existing substitutes for technology or product.
2. Examination of their efficiency and impact on reducing the generation of hazardous waste and the release of toxic chemicals.
3. Risk assessment (including a review of the human health, environmental and other hazards) of various substitutes.
4. Evaluation of performance of various substitutes.
5. Analysis of the costs of the alternative technologies/products.
6. Consideration of relevant Environmental laws and regulations.
7. Providing of management practices and improvements that can be used to prevent pollution.

In this way the EMC is contributing to the concepts of "Pollution Prevention" with the help of introduction of Cleaner Technologies.

4. Industrial Pollution Control Through Treatment

Over the years, EMC has become the leading multidisciplinary of Environmental Consultancy in Pakistan. Its Industrial Pollution Control Wing has a number of experts from Universities Environmental Engineers etc qualified in designing Treatment Facilities and who also have practical experience of working on industrial waste water treatment facilities.

This Wing coordinates with EPAs and study the sequence of production processes of various industries and the waste generated. It also suggests economical and efficient methodologies for wastewater treatment, solid waste management, air pollution and noise control.

Generally the pollution generated from one industry is different from that of the other because of different raw materials and sequence of manufacturing processes.

EMC also offers services and technical advice for established industries as well as for new industries and has the expertise to suggest modifications in sequence of production processes, useful product recovery from the waste and reduction of pollution in the out-coming effluent stream. BATNEEC is made use of for economical and efficient treatment of waste water both in terms of capital as well as operation and maintenance costs. The services in the field of industrial wastewater treatment are:

• Study of existing sequence of production process.
• Estimation of wastewater quantities.
• Determination of wastewater characteristics.
• Planning for recovery of useful material from effluent waste water.
• Evaluation of techniques for wastewater reduction by recycling.
• Estimation of onsite partial treatment before discharge.
• Design of collection system for segregated waste.
• Design of conveyance system for total wastewater to the treatment plant.
• Selection and analysis of treatment operations and processes to remove contaminants to meet the National Environmental Quality Standards. (NEQS).
• Carrying out of laboratory and pilot scale studies to establish design parameters.
• Functional design of various treatment units.
• Selection of equipment and instrumentation with maximum use of local fabrication technologies for effluent treatment plant.
• Industrial noise pollution control.

The successful treatment of any noise problem depends to a large extent on the way in which the problem is approached and on the care with which the plans are prepared. EMC has the capability to design suitable program for noise pollution control in different environs.

5. ISO 14001 EMS Implementation Services

EMC's expertise in this area is sound and un-questionable with a number of qualified Environmental Auditors, Environmental Engineers and Scientists, the EMC is capable of designing such ISO 14001 management systems which not only meet the Standards, but are also practical to implement and are cost-effective. EMC is a consulting firm, which offers its services in ISO 14001 management systems because of its sufficient background knowledge of the Standards, its expertise and its related experience. This is a characteristic unique to the EMC as the other firms offering consultancy in ISO 14001 mostly started as ISO 9001 consultants and "converted" to ISO 14001 Consultants sensing its growing market or scope. The result is non-professional handing of this area and exceptional delays in implementing ISO 14001 EMS in industries.
EMC usually takes 6-8 month for the complete planning and implementation of ISO 14001 EMS in a company whereas the EMC has the experience of working in many companies whose ISO 9001 consultants had taken more than a year to fetch the industry Certification on Quality.

EMC can provide a wide range of services for ISO 14001 programs including an Initial assessment of existing management systems, recommendation of management systems enhancements and assistance in developing and implementing these enhancements. We also provide guidance on the selection of Certification Bodies by providing liaison with a number of Certification Bodies. The ultimate choice however rests with the industry/Company applying for Certification and the EMC does not bias this decision in any way

Special handling of SMEs.

The EMC is fully conscious of the fact that 14001 is difficult for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to understand, adopt and use. Hence the EMC's approach to ISO 14001 EMS planning and implementation is differed from the way it proceeds with a multinational or even a giant local company. The EMC considers the following in its approach.

Company internal obstacles to implementation:

• SMEs interest in environmental management not present or has only been recently developed.
• The company has no or very few documented policies concerning environment matters.
• The company has no or very few written measures concerning environmental matters.
• The company is still undecided about whether or not they want to obtain certification.
• The majority of SMEs have either no or every few employees who are able to understand the requirements of ISO 14001.
• The companies often lack sufficient knowledge of regulatory and legal requirements.
• They cannot economically cope with the task of implementing an environmental management systems (EMS), especially if they use complicated processes, which have significant environmental impacts.
• They have difficulties in understanding the importance audit methods may have for them and the advantages they may get while using this tool.
• It can be difficult for them to define any economic benefits if the certificate has no clear market-value or if the EMS does not clearly help them to ensure compliance with legal requirements.
• Top management of the companies assign management of EMS Implementation to others.
• They think that the EMS will have no positive environmental effect.
• They think that ISO 14001 is only a money-making machine for consultants. Just one more bill to pay.

Company -external obstacles to implementation.

• Lack of information, sponsored demonstration projects on the part of government and either none or minimal indirect financial supports. (The Ministry of Science & Technology offers Rs. 1 lac to the companies achieving ISO 14001 Certification)
• The SMEs are burdened with taxes there by making it almost impossible for them to go for this Certification.
• Governmental activities in our country do not make use of EMS and Environmental management principles.
• There are a lot of regulatory and legal requirements and the SME's have difficulties to comply with all of them.

How does the EMC help the SMEs?

The EMC recommends the following actions while working with an SME.

• Create an interest and understanding among employees through meeting and seminars presenting any useful information.
• Educate selected employees so they can act as trainers for to other employees.
• Be sure that all employees understand how important it is for the company to get a certificate, regarding the customer focus, the money saved and the money earned.
• Look at the process of implementation and maintaining the EMS as an on-going process of prevention and improvement and be sure that all the employees understand and accept this.

The EMC also believes that SMEs. will cope with their internal and external problems to ISO 14001 EMS implementation if they adopt the following.

The following measures are recommended to SMEs.

• Participate in seminars or training courses that can help you develop a better understanding of ISO 14001
• Find an experienced and reliable consultant, who can act as an effective sparring partner for you during the whole project.
• Do it in small, "edible" portions.

It is also expected that SMEs will cope with the above problems, if

• They document their EMS in a simple unambiguous and easy to understand way.
• They write down what they do, adjust it according to the requirements of the standard and then do what they wrote.
• They document the EMS as a natural part of already existing systems (e.g. the quality systems).

EMC's approach to ISO 14001 EMS Implementation

EMC after having worked with a number of Companies has come to the conclusion that most of the industries are unnecessarily apprehensive of the ISO 14001 EMS Standard and their beliefs about the standard are unjustified. Hence the EMC has taken all possible efforts to make the implementation of the standard as simple as possible. Although the great scientist Albert Einstein has said that "Things should be made as simple as possible, but not any simpler". Although he cautions against over simplification, we find ourselves more often encountering the challenge of simplifying complex issues in environmental management.

One task area that has proven to be particularly problematic for those implementing ISO 14001 is the identification of significant Environmental aspects.

EMC has concentrated a lot in this area and has adopted a rational and thorough procedure for establishing organizations environmental priorities which includes at least the following steps:

1. Initial identification of the effects of operations and ancillary activities.
   The background of carrying out Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) has greatly helped the EMC in the assessment of cumulative impacts, investigation of the interactions of a number of impacts in a specified area over time.
2. Evaluation of the significance of the identified effects.
   Once effects have been identified their significance is judged in order to determine where to focus further efforts. The main lesson that we have learned in the EIA over the years is that significance is in the eyes of the beholder. Based on this, the EMC has developed an easy to calculate matrix for the evaluation to significant environmental impacts.
3. Detailed analysis of significant issues.
   Issues once identified as significant ones are determined for their significance. Investigations are made to determine that what needs to be done about them.
4. Identification of potential initiatives to address significant issues.
   Our environmental planners and technologists come into picture here who brainstorm potential improvements in the identified areas. The implications of potential improvements are also considered. The result is a set of options for decision makers to consider.
5. Establishment of objectives and targets for the priority initiatives
   Once the preferred initiatives have been selected, reasonable objectives and targets are set.

6. Risk Assessments

An Important step in determining appropriate remedial actions for an industry is the performance of human health and ecological risk assessments. The objective of a risk assessment is to assess the magnitude and probability of actual or potential harm to public health and the environment resulting from the release of hazardous substances from a site in the absence of remedial action. EMC provides a complete range of services for performance of risk assessments.

To perform Risk Assessments, the EMC has a multidisciplinary balanced team who identify and analyze risks associated with a process, product, practice etc. and also analyze their significance.
Initial recommendations are then made for eliminating these risks and help reduce the consequences of potential risks and improve general facility safety.

Human Health Evaluation
The EMC's approach to Human Health Evaluation includes.

• Compiling of contaminants of concern based on site data.
• Assessing exposure including characterizing the exposure setting, identifying potentially exposed populations and exposure pathways and quantifying the exposure.
• Compiling of toxicity information for chemicals
• Estimating carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks to humans.

Ecological Risk Assessment
EMC carries out ecological risk assessment by

• Reviewing historical data, depending on the results of this review, an approach is developed.
• Compiling ecosystem maps to reflect plant and animal communities.
• Comparing potentially impacted ecosystems on the site to control healthy ecosystems

The EMC with this capability has carried out a number of Risk Assessments for industries mostly manufacturing chemicals and has established its credibility in this area as well.

7. Solid & Hazardous Waste Management

Solid waste management is the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and other environmental considerations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes. In our environment, there is an urgent need to give attention to the solid and hazardous waste problem and take practicable steps to manage the problem in an environmental friendly manner. At present, we do not have the means to proper disposal of solid waste including the industrial hazardous waste which has greatly contributed to the pollution problem in all the components of our environment viz air, water and land. Our environment is being deteriorating due to this problem and indiscriminate disposal of the solid and hazardous wastes. It is high time that the industries must show a responsible behaviour towards safe disposal of the solid waste so that it could not pose a hazard to human health and the environment.

According to the pollution prevention and waste minimization strategies we advice on waste reduction, reuse and recycling and if there is a kind of waste that cannot be managed through the 3 R s strategy then the last resort is incineration and safe disposal of the waste. Since we are providing consultancy services for the implementation of ISO 14001, a standard which emphasize the prevention of pollution at source so we try our best to suggest practicable solution to our clients to manage the waste in a safe and economical way. Waste is characterized depending upon the nature viz hazardous and non hazardous and then it is managed or dealt accordingly keeping in view the environmental protection and sustainable development.

8. Baseline Environmental Studies

With a multidisciplinary team of qualified persons and practical experience of applying their knowledge to on ground problems, the EMC has developed a strong expertise to carry out studies and research. Over the years the company has also developed good links and working relationship with Universities, Research Institutes, well-reputed NGOs, Information Centres, Regulatory Bodies etc, the company has access to the basic data and background information necessary pre-requisite for carrying out a study. Besides the EMC also has a comprehensive library of its own and tries to keep itself abreast with whatever latest is going on in the field of Environment both locally as well as globally.

A significant study carried out by the EMC is the "study of causes and effects of Eutrophication in Major lakes of Sindh"

The study aimed was carried out for the Environmental Protection Agency Sindh and aimed at:

• Evaluating the causes and effects of eutrophication in major lakes of Sindh
• Analyzing quantitatively the pollutant levels.
• Developing a management plan for these lakes for monitoring the quality of lakes on regular basis.

Extensive data was generated through this study about the pollution levels in these lakes which helped in the assessment of water quality of the lakes.

Detailed socio-economic survey of the areas adjacent to the lakes studies was also carried out which helped in the interdependence of the people on these lakes.

The findings of this study were presented in a seminar and the quality of work was widely appreciated by all. The Environmental Protection Agency was also greatly satisfied by the way the study was done.

Besides this study the EMC has carried out a number of studies for industries e.g.

• Solid waste characterization study.
• Waste water characterization study.
• Hazard Assessment Studies.
• Baseline Studies for date collection.
• Study on water courses.
• Air pollution studies

9. Guidance on Environmental Legislation including Compliance with NEQS & Self Monitoring and Reporting / Pollution Charge

The history of Environmental legislation in Pakistan is short and recent. Although specific environmental enactments are few and insufficient, Pakistan is fairly endowed with incidental environmental legislation on land use, grazing control, forest conservation, parks and wildlife, fisheries, mineral development, water and air quality, noise, toxic substances, solid wastes, preservation of antiquities and special premises and public health and safety. But as they were not enacted with a view towards environmental protection and resource conservation, these laws lacked enforcement. These were earlier laws which had some relation with environment but the last 10-15 years have seen a drastic advancement in the area of environmental legislation in Pakistan.

The passing of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act-1997, is a landmark in the history of environmental legislation in Pakistan and has serious implications for the industry, the hospitals, civic bodies, and even a common man.

Sections of the Act like sec, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, & 21 have various concerns associated with them e.g. compliance with NEQS, carrying out of an Environmental Impact Assessment for development activities etc.

The Environmental Management Consultants has kept itself updated and well informed on whatever advancement is going on in the area of environmental legislation. Not only this, but also the EMC has always tried to impart this information to the stakeholders instead of keeping it confined to itself. Hence it has organized a number of workshops and seminars on Environmental Protection Act-97, and its related guidelines and supporting procedures. These events were heavily participated and widely appreciated by the stakeholders who mostly do not have any idea who to turn to for guidance on Environmental Law related issues. (Pl. see trainings for more details).

The Environmental Management Consultants also has the expertise to provide counselling on environmental legal matters.
The company has a Barrister in its team who has successfully lead two, of our clients (of international repute) and guided them in the Environmental law area.

10. Environmental Trainings

Training on Environmental topics and Standards is another area of EMC where it has a training department with the qualified and experienced trainers to successfully cater the training needs of an organization. Apart from our own trainers we also invite local and foreign resource persons who are experts in their relevant fields. We consider environmental training as one of the most important area of our services where we design a comprehensive training program including the site visits, course material, presentations, interactive exercises, etc so that the client company will benefit from the training. We have successfully conducted quite a number of training programs in various industries, where their staff has gained lot of knowledge and awareness. Besides this we also conduct seminars and workshops from time to time, for the awareness about prevailing environmental conditions in Pakistan and the world, the impacts upon our environment and how everyone can contribute in prevention and control of pollution. We have successfully conducted workshops and seminars, individually and in collaboration, on various topics and these programs have been well appreciated by the industry, the NGOs, regulatory agencies etc. We also deliver environmental training voluntarily in various industrial sectors to raise the awareness level of the organizational staff. We believe that training at all levels plays a significant role in building of clean, healthy and safe environment. Given below is a list of training topics that we offer to our clients:

1. General Environmental Awareness
2. Introduction to Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001
3. Introduction to Aspect Identification in EMS ISO 14001
4. Setting Effective Objectives and Targets and Environmental Management Programs
5. Internal Auditing of EMS ISO 14001
6. How to implement effective Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001
7. Introduction to Environmental Auditing
8. Environmental Impact Assessment / Initial Environmental Examination
9. Hazard Identification at Work place
10. Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan
11. Environmental Legislation and its requirements
12. Solids & Hazardous Waste Management.
13. Waste Water Management.
14. Industrial Air and Noise Pollution & its Control.
15. Energy Conservation & Management of Energy in Industries.
16. Introduction to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
17. Introduction to Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems OHSAS18001
18. Internal Auditing of Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems OHSAS 18001

11. Environmental Sampling / Analysis / Characterization

In PEPA (1997) there are penalties on companies when they fail to comply with NEQS standards for their pollution levels. In NEQS there are thirty two (32) parameters (liquid) & sixteen parameters (16) for gaseous emission . EPA has set a self monitoring Guidelines for all types of companies. The guide lines consider:

• Pollution levels
• Toxicity of Pollutant
• Cost of monitoring

In this scenario EMC is expert to characterize, sample and get analysis reports of all the priority parameter. We always consider sampling procedure and report in accordance to environmental sampling rule,1999.

Sampling analysis and characterization become more important when company is moving towards installation of treatment facility because the data produced by the sampling provide the basis for designing of the appropriate facility. If few parameters are not identified and analysed, the treatment facility may not work properly . EMC is capable to identify all those parameter, sampling techniques to produce accurate and reliable data. We have done these practices for our clients. We have an experience of carrying out waste characterization studies based on sampling and analysis of air, water and soil samples. We coordinate with renowned laboratories, which analyzes samples of air, water and soil and other waste materials to provide reliable results for various parameters. We also provide services for noise monitoring surveys.

12. Site Assessment & Remediation

Site assessment and remediation of contaminated site is a new and uniquely challenging application of environmental biotechnology, the most common contaminants are the synthetic organic chemicals which change the characteristics of aquifers, soils and sediments. The remediation technology most often addresses treatment of contaminated solids, such as ground water aquifers, soils and sediments. Our approach in this regard is the:

1. Characterization of contamination to know its biodegradability, selection of material added to enhance dissolution / desorption of the pollutant.
2. Site Characterization in terms of its geology, hydrology, geochemistry, type and distribution of contamination, and microbiology to evaluate the potential for bioremediation. As much information as possible is obtained on the location, type, and mass of the contamination source; and the extent and concentration distribution of a contaminant plume.
3. Contaminant/substrate availability for biodegradation in order to determine the factors which limits the rate of bioremediation.
4. Before the attempt of in situ bioremediation project in the field, treatability studies must be performed. The overall aim of the treatability studies is to verify that the in situ approach has a high likelihood of succeeding.
5. Engineering strategies for bioremediation are also considered depending upon the particular case, we consider both the types of engineered in situ and engineered ex situ bioremediation, where engineering tools are employed to greatly increase the input rates for the stimulating materials.
6. Evaluating bioremediation through documented loss of contaminants from the site, laboratory assays showing that microorganisms at the site have the potential to transform the contaminants under the expected site conditions, one or more pieces of evidence showing that the biodegradation potential is actually realized in the field.
7. Another developing form of bioremediation is phytoremediation and phytostabilization to detoxify the environmental contaminants and make them less available to humans respectively. We have applied this technology at various sites. Our qualified and experienced staff is capable of providing services for an appropriate remediation plan. Our staff has an international experience of implementing these techniques to treat several waste water canals, oil recovery and soil remediation, treating UST leakages and in situ bioremediation projects.

13. Environmental & Industrial Hygiene / Monitoring & Control

Industry is central to the economies of modern societies and an indispensable motor of growth. Industry extracts materials from the natural resource base and inserts both products and pollution into the environment. We have the capabilities to help protect your company's greatest resource, your employees, from workplace hazards. We have a qualified staff in occupational safety and health auditing, monitoring and program development, and can manage the evaluation, design and implementation of complete workplace health and safety programs. This include training, exposure reduction strategies, liability claim prevention and oversight of employee surveillance programs. We evaluate the industrial hygiene including the Occupational Health & Safety requirements of the industry and advising the industry to take measures to prevent or control the conditions which are the potential causes to create industrial hygiene problems and health hazards for the workers.

14. OHSAS 18001 Implementation Services

OHSAS 18001 is a standard compatible with the ISO 9001 (Quality) and ISO 14001(Environment) management systems standards. EMC is capable of designing such OHSAS 18001 management systems, which not only meet the Standards, but are also practical to implement and are cost-effective. EMC is a consulting firm, which offers its services in OHSAS 18001 management systems because of its sufficient background knowledge of the Standards, its expertise and its related experience and having qualified Auditors of ISO 9001, 14001, & OHSAS 18001, Environmental Engineers and Scientists.
EMC usually takes 6-8 month for the complete planning and implementation of OHSAS 18001 in a company.

EMC can provide a wide range of services for OHSAS 18001 programs including an Initial assessment of existing management systems, recommendation of management systems enhancements and assistance in developing and implementing these enhancements. We also provide guidance on the selection of Certification Bodies by providing liaison with a number of Certification Bodies. The ultimate choice however rests with the industry/Company applying for Certification and the EMC does not bias this decision in any way

EMC's approach to OHSAS 18001 Implementation

EMC establishes organizational occupational health and safety priorities which includes at least the following steps:

a) Initial identification of hazards and the assessment of risks .
The background of carrying out Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) has greatly helped the EMC in the assessment of cumulative hazards and risks involved in organizational activities, impacts investigation of the hazards in a specified area over time.

b) Evaluation of the significance of the identified effects.
Once hazards and effects have been identified their significance is judged in order to determine where to focus further efforts. The results of the assessments and the effects of these controls are considered in setting OH &S objectives. Once the preferred initiatives have been selected, reasonable objectives and targets are set.

c) Identification of potential initiatives to address significant issue pertaining to hazards.
OH & S management programme(s) are then established for achieving the set objectives. Periodic OH &S management systems audit are carried out in order to determine whether or not the OH &S management system conforms to planned arrangements for OH&S management including the requirements of OH&S specification.